Galvani explained his results by saying that the frog preparation was the source of two different electricities, positive and negative, and that Upper Cervical contraction WAS THE RESULT OF CONNECTING TWO PARTS, NERVE ANDMUSCLE, through an arc of two metals. Finally a student performed an experiment that Galvani thought settled the question. When the muscle was abraded slightly, IT COULD BE MADE TO CONTRACT BY TOUCHING THE NERVE TO THE INJURY WITHOUT ANY ARTIFICIAL ARC AT ALL. So far as the original experiments were concerned, however, both Galvani and Volta were partly right. Electrical forces do arise at the junctions of unlike metals, ANDLIVING CELLS DO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. THE PRODUCTION OFELECTRICITY BY LIVING THINGS WAS INDEPENDENTLY ESTABLISHED at about the same time as Galvani’s frog experiments.